Kebijakan Pengendalian Diare Berdasarkan Analisis Spacial Faktor Penyebab Diare di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu
Abstract
Abstract
The numbers of diarrhea cases in Indonesia generally and Tanah Bumbu District in particularly are still quite high. Limited access to clean water, sanitation, and behavior clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS) are factors that affect the incidence of diarrhea. These three factors are also related to the state of the environment and the local socio-cultural spatially. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify the factors that cause diarrhea in Tanah Bumbu regency by Geospatial method approach. Cross-sectional study design with observational analytical held for the total sample of 501 households from 6 Primary health care selected, respondents had experienced diarrhea and registered at the local health center. Observations and interview carried out via a questionnaire in order to know the characteristics of respondents, factors environmental sanitation, and PHBS. Examination of water samples carried out to determine the bacteriological contamination. Analyses were performed with Geographical Information System (GIS) approach. The results show that there are differences parents’work, the quality of water resources, usage, and water treatment in cases of diarrhea in the city and village area. The poor of water source (unimproved) is also closely related to that presence of the agent contamination of the water was checked. In all areas of health centers showed that diarrhea can have an impact to nearby settlements in socio-environmental. Based on the map of the area at risk of diarrhea indicates that most areas of the six health centers had high risk zone.
Abstrak
Kasus diare di Indonesia secara umum dan di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu khususnya masih cukup tinggi. Keterbatasan akses air bersih, sanitasi lingkungan , dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) merupakan factor yang mempengaruhi kejadian diare. Ketiga faktor tersebut terkait pula dengan keadaan lingkunagn dan sosial budaya masyarakat setempat secara spasial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab diare di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu dengan pendekatan metode Geospasial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 501 rumah tangga dari 6 wilayah kerja puskesmas terpilih. Populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat di 12 wilayah kerja puskesmas di Kab Tanah Bumbu. Responden pernah mengalami diare dan terdaftar di puskesmas setempat. Observasi dengan form observasi dan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner untuk dapat mengetahui karakteristik responden, faktor sanitasi lingkungan, dan PHBS. Pemeriksaan sampel air dilakukan untuk mengetahui cemaran bakteri. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). Hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pekerjaan kepala keluarga, kualitas sumber air, pemakaian dan pengolahan air pada kasus diare yang ada di kota maupun di desa. Kualitas sumber air yang tidak bagus (unimproved) juga berhubungan erat dengan keberadaan agen cemaran pada air yang diperiksa. Semua wilayah puskesmas menunjukan bahwa diare dapat berdampak ke pemukiman terdekat secara socio-enviromental. Berdasarka peta wilayah risiko diare menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah puskesmas berzona risiko tinggi terhadap kasus diare.
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