Gerakan Affirmasi Untuk Kesetaraan: Kuota 30%, Peran DPIA dan Representasi Perempuan Aceh di Parlemen
Abstract
This paper discusses the Affirmation Movement conducted by Aceh women in improving their representation in Parliament. Women now have a more open opportunity to engage in policy-making, especially with regard to budgeting and women's empowerment in politics. The purpose of this paper is to identify three things, first, it is necessary to have a strong female character to win female candidates in legislative elections in Aceh. Second, that there is a significant difference between Deliberative democracy initiated by Habermas and the Acehnese women's movement. Third, look at any movements carried out by the DPIA to win female candidates. The method used is the explanatory Qualitative method and using Participatory Action Research (PAR) for data collection method, where researchers are directly involved in several movement agendas.There are numerous social organizations that grew up after the Helsinki negotiations focusing on women's empowerment. The organizations then formed a network called Inong Aceh Inshore Center and held the Great Congress of Aceh Women named DPIA (Duek Pakat Inong Aceh). One of the DPIA's agenda is to win women candidates in legislative and political education elections. The main question of this paper is "What is the strategy of Aceh women in doing affirmative movement to improve women representation in parliament? And why is that strategy necessary? To answer these two questions, the author uses the Theory of Liberal Feminism and Deliberative Democracy Theory. The two theories found that there is a difference between Liberal Feminism through women's Affirmation movement in America and Australia Affirmation with Afrirmative movement in Aceh. In Aceh, women are faced with a very strong religious dogma, religious dogmas like strictly prohibited women lead this also affects the solidity of the Acehnese women's movement. In the theory of Deliberative Democracy, dialogue is carried out by interest groups to government actors, it turns out that in Aceh Women's Movement the interest groups that propose to the government are also purely governmental actors. This paper also discusses the shift of women movement after DPIA III, the shift of women movement then adjusts to social condition of Aceh society today. Religious dogma is still a barrier, and used by a group of people to bring down women candidates who go forward as leaders. The recommendations proposed to women's groups are to provide political education for women and the regeneration of women's primary leadership in the DPIA.
Abstrak
Tulisan ini membahas tentang GerakanAffirmasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuanAceh dalam meningkatkan keterwakilan
perempuan di Parlemen. Saat ini perempuan memiliki kesempatan yang lebih terbuka untuk terlibat di alam pembuatan kebijakan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan budgeting dan pemberdayaan perempuan dalam politik. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui dua hal pertama, perlu ketokohan perempuan yang kuat untuk memenangkan kandidat pere mpuan pada pemilu legislatif di Aceh. Kedua,
bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara demokrasi Deliberatif yang digagas oleh Habermas dengan pergerakan perempuan Aceh. Ketiga, melihat gerakan apa saja yang dilakukan oleh DPIA untuk memenangkan kandidat perempuan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Kualitatif eksplanatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan Participatory Action Research ( yakni peneliti terlibat langsung
dalam beberapa agenda gerakan. Banyak sekali organisa si organisasi sosial yang tumbuh pasca perundingan Helsinki yang memfokuskan diri dalam pemberdayaan perempuan. Organisasi organisasi tersebut kemudian membentuk jaringan dalam sebuah wadah Balai Syura Inong Aceh dan mengadakan Kongres Besar Perempuan Aceh bernama DPIA Duek Pakat Inong Aceh Salah satu agenda DPIAini adalah memenangkan kandidat perempuan dalam pemilu legislatif dan pendidikan politik. Pertanyaan pokok tulisan ini adalah “Bagaimana
strategi perempuan Aceh dalam melakukan ge rakan affirmasi untuk meningkatkan keterwakilan perempuan di perlemen? dan mengapa strategi tersebut diperlukan? Untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan ini, penulis menggunakan Teori Feminisme Liberal dan Teori Demokrasi Deliberatif. Dengan dua teori tersebut ditemukan bahwa ada perbedaan antara Feminisme Liberal melalui gerakan Affirmasi perempuan
di Amerika dan Australia Affirmasi dengan gerakan Affirmasi di Aceh. Di Aceh, perempuan dihadapkan pada dogma agama yang sangat kuat, dogma agama seperti perempuan haram memimpin ini juga mempengaruhi soliditas gerakan perempuan Aceh. Pada teori Demokrasi Deliberatif, dialog dilakukan oleh kelompok kepentingan kepada aktor pemerintah, ternyata dalam Gerakan perempuan Aceh kelompok
kepenti ngan yang memberikan usulan kepada pemerintah adalah juga murni aktor pemerintah. Tulisan ini juga membahas tentang pergeseran gerakan perempuan setelah DPIA III, pergeseran gerakan perempuan kemudian menyesuaikan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat Aceh saat ini. Dogma agama masih jadi batu sandungan, dan dimanfaatkan oleh sekelompok orang untuk menjatuhkan kandidat perempuan yang maju sebagai pemimpin. Rekomendasi yang diajukan kepada kelompok perempuan adalah dengan memberikan pendidikan politik bagi peremp uan dan regenerasi kepemimpinan perempuan utamanya dalam DPIA.
Downloads
References
Afrianty, D. 2011. "Local womens movements in Aceh and the struggle for equality and justice: The Womens Network for Policy 1". RIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 45(12), 3768. Retrieved from http://www. scopus.com /inward /record.url?eid=2-s2.084869125434 &partnerID=tZOtx3y1
Bailey, L. E. 2016."Feminism, Liberal". In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies (pp. 13). https://doi.org/ 10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss738
Ballington, J., Carrio, E., & Karam, A. 2005. "Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers". Idea. https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-IV. 89.207-d
Caul, M. 1999. "Womens Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties". Party Politics, 5(1), 7998. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1354068899005001005
Groenhout, R. 2002. "Essentialist Challenges to Liberal Feminism". Social Theory and Practice, 28(1), 5175.
Guttman, A., & Thompson, D. 2004. "What Deliberative Democracy Means. In Why Deliberative Democracy?" (pp. 129).
Hadiyono, V. 2015. "MEMAKNAI PEREMPUAN DALAM KURSI PARLEMEN. KISI HUKUM". Retrieved from http://journal. unika.ac.id/ index.php/kh/article/view/456
Lay, C. 2017. "Political linkages between CSOs and parliament in Indonesia: a case study of political linkages in drafting the Aceh Governance Law". Asian Journal of Political Science, 121. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/ 02185377.2017.1297243
Leet, M. 1998. "Jurgen Habermas and Deliberative Democracy. In Liberal democracy and its critics: perspectives in contemporary political thought" (pp. 7797).
LIPI. 2017) "Modul Landasan Penelitian Diklat Jabatan Fungsional Peneliti Tingkat Pertama". LIPI.
Listyaningsih, & Banten, D. I. 2010. "Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Politik dan Pembangunan di Banten". Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 1(2), 143166.
Lubenow, J. A. 2012. "Public Sphere and Deliberative Democracy in Jürgen Habermas": Theorethical Model and Critical Discourses. American Journal of Sociological Research, 2(4), 5871. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.sociology.20120204.0 2
Milallos, M. T. R. 2007. Muslim veil as politics: Political autonomy, women and Syariah Islam in Aceh. Contemporary Islam, 1(3), 289301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-007-0028-5
Oxley, J. C. 2011. Liberal feminism. In Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy (pp. 258262). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444 344431.ch68
Puspitasari, T. F. 2011. Peran Organisasi Perempuan Dalam Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Aceh Pasca Perundingan Helsinki Tahun 2005 - 2011. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Rao, B. 2016. Women in Parliament - Where Does India Stand? Retrieved from https://factly.in/ women-in-parliament-where-does-indiafigure-among-the-rest-world/
Susiana, S. 2014. PENURUNAN KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMILU 2014. Info Singkat Kesejahteraan Sosial, VI (10), 14. Retrieved from http://berkas.dpr.go.id/ puslit/files/info_singkat/Info Singkat-VI-10-IIP3DI-April-2014-11.pdf
Wang, V. 2013. Women changing policy outcomes: Learning from pro-women legislation in the Ugandan Parliament. Womens Studies International Forum, 41, 113121. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif .2013.05.008
Yoon, M. Y. 2013. Special seats for women in parliament and democratization: The case of Tanzania. Womens Studies International Forum, 41, 143149. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.wsif.2013.05.005
Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.